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Francis Vane Phipson Rutter (17 February 1876 – 18 April 1937)〔"Rutter, Frank V. P.", ''Who Was Who'', A & C Black, 1920–2007; online edn, Oxford University Press, Dec 2007. Retrieved from (ukwhoswho ) 8 August 2008.〕 was a British art critic, curator and activist. In 1903, he became art critic for ''The Sunday Times'', a position which he held for the rest of his life.〔''The Times'', 19 April 1937, p. 16, issue 47662, col B, "Obituary: Mr. Frank Rutter". Retrieved from (infotrac.galegroup.com ), 8 August 2008.〕〔 He was an early champion in England of modern art, founding the French Impressionist Fund in 1905 to buy work for the national collection,〔〔 and in 1908 starting the Allied Artists Association to show "progressive" art,〔 as well as publishing its journal, ''Art News'', the "First Art Newspaper in the United Kingdom".〔 In 1910, he began to actively support women's suffrage, chairing meetings, and giving sanctuary to suffragettes released from prison under the Cat and Mouse Act—helping some to leave the country.〔 From 1912 to 1917, he was the curator of Leeds City Art Gallery.〔 In 1917, he edited the cultural journal, ''Arts and Letters'', with Herbert Read.〔 In his writing after World War I, Rutter observed that advertising imagery was seen by far more people than work in art galleries;〔Saler, pp.101–102.〕 he noted a new realism after the period of "abstract experiment";〔 and he praised the work of Dod Procter as a "complete presentation of twentieth century vision".〔 ==Early life== Frank Rutter was born at 4 The Cedars, Putney, London, the youngest son of Emmeline Claridge Phipson and Henry Rutter (died 1896).〔Owen, Felicity (article credit). ("Rutter, Francis Vane Phipson", ) ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography'' (subscription required). Retrieved 11 August 2008.〕 His grandfather, John, and his father were both prosperous solicitors with chambers in Cliffords Inn, Holborn, and both had acted for John Ruskin, John assisting on Ruskin's marriage nullification with Euphemia (Effie) Gray; Henry severed the connection with Ruskin, after the latter rejected his counsel on a property transaction.〔Yeates, John. "N.W.1.: The Camden Town Artists— A Social History'', pp. 85–96. Heale Gallery, Somerset, 2007. ISBN 9780955817601. Available online at (camdenschool.co.uk ).〕 From 1889, Frank Rutter was educated at Merchant Taylors' School, at that time in Aldersgate, where he specialised in Hebrew (under the influence of his father whose hobby was Biblical archaeology)〔 and where pupils were expected to gain Oxbridge scholarships or exhibitions in classics: Rutter, aged seventeen tried but failed to gain a scholarship in history at Exeter College, Oxford, but was successful in the Queens' College, Cambridge, examination for a scholarship in Hebrew,〔 going to university in 1896 and gaining the Semitic Language Tripos (degree) in 1899.〔 Whilst still at school, Rutter, along with a fellow sixth form student, Edgar D., explored London nightlife, visiting music halls, eating out in Gatti's Restaurant and joining nightclubs, which were then an adjunct to the more formal London's gentleman's club, providing a dining room, ballroom, writing room, and female membership, which was not taken up by respectable women in society, although the male membership was mostly respectable; Rutter's father happily financed these activities.〔 When at Cambridge, Rutter gained popularity through his banjo-playing,〔 and, thanks to the good train service available, extended his social pursuits to Paris, first visiting in 1898, speaking French fluently and often staying for a month at a time in the city,〔 where he made friends in the Latin Quarter.〔 After university, spent a few months as an itinerant tutor, then began as a freelance writer in London with a newly acquired typewriter.〔 One of his successful interviews was with Bernard Shaw on the subject of housing problems—the text of which was entirely provided by Shaw himself; ''The Times'' printed an interview with the American scout, Major Burnham, on his return from South Africa.〔 He obtained posts as assistant editor of ''To-day'' and the ''Sunday Special'', both part of the same publishing group. In February 1901, he became sub-editor of the ''Daily Mail'', and began to write art criticism, mostly for ''The Financial Times'' and ''The Sunday Times''.〔〔 In 1902, he went back to ''To-day'' as editor for two years, and for a short time brought it back into profit, until it succumbed to cheaper competition and was merged with ''London Opinion''.〔〔 In 1903, Leonard Rees appointed him art critic of ''The Sunday Times'', a post he held for the rest of his life, 34 years in all.〔〔 Rutter honed his skills whilst doing the job, and also made the acquaintance of leading artists in Paris through frequenting the cafés.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Frank Rutter」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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